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Demographics
Demographics
Macau is the most densely populated region in the world, with a population density of 18,428 persons per square kilometre (47,728/sq mi).
95% of Macau's population is Chinese; another 2% is of mixed Chinese/Portuguese descent, an ethnic group often referred to as Macanese.
According to the 2006 by-census, 47% of the residents were born in mainland China, of whom 74.1% born in Guangdong and 15.2% in Fujian.
Meanwhile, 42.5% of the residents were born in Macau, and those born in Hong Kong, the Philippines and Portugal shared 3.7%, 2.0% and 0.3% respectively.
The growth of population in Macau mainly relies on immigrants from mainland China and the influx of overseas workers since its birth rate is one of the lowest in the world.
According to a recent survey conducted by the U.S.
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), Macau is the top country/region for life expectancy at birth with an average of 84.33 years, while its infant mortality rate ranks among the lowest in the world.
Both Chinese (Cantonese) and Portuguese are Macau's official languages.
Standard Macanese Portuguese is identical to European Portuguese.
Other languages such as Mandarin, English and Hokkien are also spoken by some local communities.
The Macanese language, a distinctive creole generally known as Patuá, is still spoken by several dozen Macanese.
Most Chinese in Macau are profoundly influenced by their own tradition and culture, of which Chinese folk religion, that includes the faiths of Taoism, Buddhism and Confucianism, forms an integral part.
Macau has a sizable Christian community; Roman Catholics and Protestants constitute 7% and 2% of the population respectively.
In addition, 17% of the population follows distilled original Mahayana Buddhism.
Having an economy driven by tourism, 14.6% of Macau's workforce is employed in restaurants and hotels, and 10.3% in the gambling industry.
With the opening of several casino resorts and other major constructions underway, it is reported that many sectors experience a shortage of labour.
The government responds by importing labour from other neighboring regions.
Currently the number of imported labours stands at a record high of 98,505(Q2 2008), representing more than a quarter of the labour force in Macau.
Some local workers complain about the lack of jobs due to the influx of cheap imported labour.
Some also claim that the problem of illegal labour is severe.
Another concern is the widening of income inequality in the region: Macau's Gini coefficient, a popular measure of income inequality where a low value indicates a more equal income distribution, rises from 0.43 in 1998 to 0.48 in 2006.
It is higher than those of other neighbouring regions, such as mainland China (0.447), South Korea (0.316) and Singapore (0.425)..
In 2007, there were a total of 4,537 births and 1,545 deaths.
Source: CIA Factbook, Wikipedia
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